Trees, up to 30m in height, diameter at breast height up to 2.53m; saplings have a spire-shaped crown, large trees have a conical crown, the bark is grey-brown, split into long strips and falls off, and the inner bark is light red; the large branches are flat, and the small branches are almost opposite or whorled, often In 2 rows, the young branches are green, smooth and hairless; the winter buds are nearly round, with small leaf-like bud scales, and the flower buds are spherical and larger.

The leaves radiate and extend on the main branches, and the bases of the leaves on the side branches are twisted into 2 rows, lanceolate or strip-lanceolate, usually slightly curved, sickle-shaped, leathery, erect, 26cm long, 35mm wide, with edges The teeth are thin, the apex is acuminate, sparse and slightly blunt, the upper surface is dark green and shiny, there are narrow stomata on 2 sides except the apex and base, with slightly white powder or the white powder is not obvious, the lower surface is light green, and there are 1 on each side along the midrib. A white powdery stomata band; the leaves of old trees are usually narrower, shorter, thicker, and have no stomata lines on them.
The male cones are conical, 0.51.5cm long, with short stalks, usually with more than 40 clusters on the top of the branches; the female cones are solitary or 23 (4) in clusters, green, with transverse oval bracts, sharp apex, and upper part The edge is membranous, with irregular denticles, and the length and width are almost equal, about 3.54mm.
The cones are oval, 2.55cm long and 34cm in diameter; when ripe, the bract scales are leathery, brownish-yellow, trigonal and oval, about 1.7cm long and 1.5cm wide, with a hard thorn-like tip at the apex and uneven edges. Regular serrations, recurved outward or not, with 2 sparse stomata on both sides of the middle rib on the back; seed scales are very small, with 3 lobes at the apex, larger lateral lobes, separate lobes, and irregular fine serrations at the apex. There are 3 seeds on the ventral surface; the seeds are flat, covered with seed scales, long oval or oblong, dark brown, shiny, with narrow wings on both sides, 78mm long and 5mm wide; 2 cotyledons are unearthed when they germinate. The flowering period is April and the cones mature in late October.

Chinese fir is a subtropical tree species that prefers light. It prefers a warm, humid, foggy and windy climate. It is intolerant of severe cold and heat, and is afraid of wind and drought. It adapts to annual average temperatures of 15 degrees Celsius to 23 degrees Celsius, extreme minimum temperatures of -17 degrees Celsius, and annual precipitation. It measures 800 to 2000mm of climatic conditions. Its cold resistance is greater than its drought tolerance, and the impact of water and humidity conditions is greater than that of temperature. It is afraid of salt and alkali, and has higher soil requirements than ordinary tree species. It likes fertile, deep, moist, and well-drained acidic soil. Shallow roots, no obvious main roots, lateral roots, and well-developed fibrous roots, strong regeneration power, but weak penetrating power.